Effects of vanadium in the environment Effects in aquatic...

Effects of vanadium in the environment
Effects in aquatic environments:
Vanadium generally appears to have low toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Moreover, seems Invertebrates are less sensitive than fish. In addition, hard water seems to reduce the toxic effect of vanadium (Randall et al., 1997; Tarzwell & Henderson, 1960).

Vanadium generally appears to have low toxic effects on aquatic organisms.

For water environments (drinking water, groundwater, surface water) today there are no Swedish guidelines. Internationally, target values or equivalent have been set in the range of 30-100 μg / L.

Effects in the ground:
The studies of vanadium toxicity showed that critical vanadium concentrations in the soil vary for different soils and different treatments. Most soils do not contain any toxic toxins of plants. Normal levels in plants are on the order of 0.5-2 mg / kg d.s. (Randall et al., 1997). High levels of vanadium in the soil lead to a high uptake in the plant. The highest levels are found in the roots of the plants (Adriano, 1986; Gil et al., 1995).

There are currently no quality standards for vanadium for soil and water set by the WHO, US EPA or EU. The Swedish guideline value for contaminated soil are 120 μg V / g soil.

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