Share
1,993 Posts.
lightbulb Created with Sketch. 166
clock Created with Sketch.
24/11/18
19:27
Share
Originally posted by Inductor
↑
The main objection I have to those sorts of pieces of masterly reporting is that it hides from the truth of transmission of power, and the realities of supplying a complex grid. It's a popular theme (amongst both journos and academics) to bash baseload power as a myth … but it is far from correct.
Every major grid failure across the world (such as the US East Coast shut down in the '70s, or in India last year) has been due to a failure to provide a system with the capacity to produce both active and reactive power in sufficient quantities - in the right locations.
Baseload systems with turbines (such as coal or nuclear) provide a huge reservoir of reactive power, whereas lightweight systems such as gas recipricators or wind turbines struggle. Solar panels produce basically none. If you do not have this capacity, your network will inevitably collapse.
It takes a huge amount of reactive power to simply energise a large transmission line (such as one of the feeders between the eastern states), and every electric motor or capacitor requires some level of reactive power to operate.
A requirement of connection to the grid by any generator is to be able to reinforce the grid in times where it runs outside of its specified limits. Generators must be able to kick in to improve voltage, frequency and reactive power where required. The process of doing this for a diesel generator or a large turbine is quite straight forward; small generators generally fall away quickly, but can handle brief problems, and pv drops output at an incredible rate as it is faced with adversity.
Power factor is the common term for defining the ratio of real to reactive power - and most suppliers penalize a customer for dropping below 0.9pf - as it starts to put extra pressure on the transmission network. When a pv inverter is faced with a pf of 0.8, it basically stops producing active power altogether, and therefore causes another problem when the contribution in active power it was making disappears.
We need either baseload turbines to provide the integrity the network needs to operate. Without them you would need many multiples of battery backup to do the same job. Suddenly your 2GW capacity grid requires 6GW of battery capacity to run it …
Expand
The current federal government and Murdoch press are quick to blame the SA "big blackout" on renewable energy. This is not correct. If you read the final AEMO report on the blackout , it concludes that the cause was the cascading result of:
Tornadoes destroying 2 separate high voltage transmission lines, resulting in grid instability which resulted in:
Wind generators prematurely disconnection from the grid due to over-conservative settings, which in turn resulted in:
Overload and subsequent tripping of the interconnectors with Victoria
The report concluded that if the wind generators had not been set to disconnect, the statewide blackout would likely not have happened.
The AEMO report did identify significant issues that needed addressing:
The following factors must be addressed to increase the prospects of forming a stable SA island and avoiding a Black System:
Sufficient inertia to slow down the rate of change of frequency and enable automatic load shedding to stabilise the island system in the first few seconds. This will require increases in SA inertia under some conditions, as well as improvements to load shedding systems combined with reduced interconnector flows under certain conditions.
Sufficient frequency control services to stabilise frequency of the SA island system over the longer term. This will require increases in local frequency control services under some conditions.
Sufficient system strength to control over voltages, ensure correct operation of grid protection systems, and ensure correct operation of inverter-connected facilities such as wind farms. This will require increases in local system strength under some conditions
Expand
One major improvement since then has been the installation of the Tesla "Big Battery", which may well have avoided problems during an islanding of the SA grid earlier this year following lightning strikes affecting the NSW-QLD interconnector:
https://reneweconomy.com.au/on-firs...nce-between-big-battery-and-big-banana-84075/