gobble I realise this is a 'generic' answer. Use the power of Google. Also, go the ASX site, search Algorithmic Trading in search box. There is a 55 page report from a study last year that ASIC requested. It must be noted that the ASX has no minimum limit for an exucution of an order, the brokerage house sets it. Also, some companies have a minimum 500 share holding. Hey, I would buy 500 if that allowed me then to buy 1 1 2 21 3.....with minimal brokerage fees. They all insist it's about VWAP and not manipulation...yeah right! Imagine a panic sell, ATs do it in a split second and guess who gets the lowest price...you and I. The same way they can exacerbate a panic sell(over sell it)they can 'over do' a run. Don't you love those days a whole line is removed in a split second and you can barely focus on the trades(moving up, of course). I 'over come' AT buy avoiding any T+1s in a very volatile market,like now, and making sure I can afford to hold until their game is over if they over sell it. Also gobble, they are very prolific in 'sentimental' stocks- those that are on the verge of great discovery, the slightest 'bad news' is enough to change sentiment. These AT programmes are elaborate but are useless until human sentiment starts the price moving, either up/down, then they snow ball. They like shaking those trees until the wild life falls out also LOL! My piece is only a quick quibble. Listen to these other posters who invest the time to lobby against the systems used to manipulate markets. They are very prolific and don't give the average small investor a fighting chance. Your MEO is rife with it, they barely let up all year. You hold on to your seat Wednesday on! And the other day some clown in a 'clouty position' made a remark that the Asian markets are under represented with ATs. Great, more volatility at a time like this! Sorry it's not a tech report, good luck gobble.