Anti-semitism on the rise in Europe, page-37

Hi Catgut

The "three Ds" test or the 3D test of antisemitism is a set of criteria put forth by Israeli politician Natan Sharansky^[1] to distinguish legitimate criticism of Israel from antisemitism. The three Ds stand for delegitimization of Israel, demonization of Israel, and subjecting Israel to double standards, each of which, according to the test, indicates antisemitism.^[2][3] It was published in the Jewish Political Studies Review in 2004.^[4] The test is intended to draw the line between legitimate criticism towards the State of Israel, its actions and policies, and non-legitimate criticism that becomes antisemitic.^[5]

The 3D test of antisemitism intends to rebut arguments which say that "any criticism toward the State of Israel is considered antisemitic, and therefore legitimate criticism is silenced and ignored".^[6] This test was adopted by the U.S. Department of State in 2010,^[2] and replaced by the Working Definition of Antisemitism in 2017.^[7]